只列出 TOP 10 here,其它的暂时忽略不计。
Language | approximate # of speakers | Where is it spoken as an official language? | ||
1. | Mandarin Chinese | NATIVE: 873 million 2nd: 178 million TOTAL: 1.051 billion |
OFFICIAL: People's Republic of China, Republic of China, Singapore | |
2. | Hindi | NATIVE: 370 million 2nd:120 million TOTAL: 490 million |
OFFICIAL: India, Fiji | |
3. | Spanish | NATIVE: 350 million 2nd: 70 million TOTAL: 420 million |
OFFICIAL: Argentina, Bolivia, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, Equatorial Guinea, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Spain, United States (New Mexico, Puerto Rico, Uruguay, Venezuela | |
4. | English | NATIVE: 340 million TOTAL: 510 million |
OFFICIAL: Antigua and Barbuda, Australia, The Bahamas, Bangladesh, Barbados, Belize, Botswana, Brunei, Cameroon, Canada, Dominica, Ethiopia, Eritrea, Fiji, The Gambia, Ghana, Grenada, Guyana, Hong Kong (People's Republic of China), India, Ireland, Jamaica, Kenya, Kiribati, Lesotho, Liberia, Malawi, Maldives, Malta, Marshall Islands, Maritius, Micronesia, Namibia, Nauru, New Zealand, Nigeria, Pakistan, Palau, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, Rwanda, Saint Kitts and Nevs, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Samoa, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Singapore, Solomon Islands, Somolia, South Africa, Sri Lanka, Swaziland, Tanzania, Tonga, Trinidad and Tobago, Tuvalu, Uganda, United Kingdom, United States, Vanuatu, Zambia, Zimbabwe. | |
5. | Arabic | NATIVE: 206 million 2nd: 24 million TOTAL: 230 million [World Almanac est. total 255 million] |
OFFICIAL: Modern Standard Arabic: Algeria, Bahrain, Chad,
Comoros, Djibouti, Egypt, Eritrea, Iraq, Israel, Jordan, Kuwait,
Lebanon, Libya, Morocco, Niger, Oman, Palestinian Territories,
Quatar, Saudi Arabia, Somalia, Sudan, Syria, Tunisia, United
Arab Emirates, Western Sahara, Yemen. | Hasaniya Arabic: Mauritania,
Senegal NATIONAL: Mali Note: These figures combine all the varieties
of Arabic. Some data sources, e.g. CIA World Fact Book, World
Almanac, Ethnologue, treat these varieties as separate languages.
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6. | Portuguese | NATIVE: 203 million 2nd: 10 million TOTAL: 213 million |
OFFICIAL: Angola, Brazil, Cape Verde, East Timor, Guinea-Bissau, Macau (People's Republic of China), Mozambique, Portugal, São Tomé e Príncipe. | |
7. | Bengali | NATIVE: 196 million TOTAL: 215 million |
OFFICIAL: Bangladesh, India (Tripura, West Bengal) | |
8. | Russian | NATIVE: 145 million 2nd: 110 million TOTAL: 255 million |
OFFICIAL: Abkhazia (part of Georgia), Belarus, Kazakhstan, Kyyrgyzstan, Russia, Transnistria (part of Moldova). | |
9. | Japanese | NATIVE: 126 million 2nd: 1 million TOTAL: 127 million |
OFFICIAL: Japan, Palau | |
10. | German | NATIVE: 101 million 2nd: 128 million TOTAL: 229 million |
OFFICIAL: Austria, Belgium, Germany, Italy (South Tyrol), Liechtenstein, Luxembourg, Poland, Siwtzerland |