copper -meisuowei(混混) @美国华人论坛:美国枫下论坛 The Rolia Forum of USA

工作学习 / 外语学习 / 哪位高手帮忙翻译一下? -tenniscamp(Tennis Camp); 2014-9-4 {1463} (#8965393@0)
本文发表在 rolia.net 枫下论坛Adequate Levels of Vitamin D

Getting enough vitamin D is a challenge especially in northern climates. Evolution has given us the ability to produce vitamin D naturally within our body. It can be synthesized just under your skin with proper exposure to sunlight. Adequate amounts of vitamin D can be made in the skin after only ten to fifteen minutes of sun exposure at least two times per week to the face, arms, hands, or back without sunscreen. However, season, geographic latitude, time of day, cloud cover, skin cover, skin colour, smog, and sunscreen affect UV ray absorption and vitamin D synthesis. For example, sunlight exposure from November through February in Canada is insufficient to produce significant vitamin D synthesis in the skin. The UV rating must be above 3 for sunlight to be effective in producing vitamin D in our skin. Vitamin D-deficient diets are associated with milk allergy, lactose intolerance, ovo-vegetarianism, and veganism. Rickets and osteomalacia are the classical vitamin D deficiency diseases. In children, vitamin D deficiency causes rickets, a disease characterized by a failure of bone tissue to properly mineralize, resulting in soft bones and skeletal deformities. In adults, vitamin D deficiency can lead to osteomalacia, resulting in weak bones. Symptoms of bone pain and muscle weakness can indicate inadequate vitamin D levels, but such symptoms can be subtle and go undetected in the initial stages. (Ref. ODS)更多精彩文章及讨论，请光临枫下论坛 rolia.net

一遍写的，没有校正，选择性的看。 -meisuowei(混混); 2014-9-4 {2257} (#8965486@0)
本文发表在 rolia.net 枫下论坛Adequate Levels of Vitamin D

Getting enough vitamin D is a challenge especially in northern climates. Evolution has given us the ability to produce vitamin D naturally within our body. It can be synthesized just under your skin with proper exposure to sunlight. Adequate amounts of vitamin D can be made in the skin after only ten to fifteen minutes of sun exposure at least two times per week to the face, arms, hands, or back without sunscreen. However, season, geographic latitude, time of day, cloud cover, skin cover, skin colour, smog, and sunscreen affect UV ray absorption and vitamin D synthesis. For example, sunlight exposure from November through February in Canada is insufficient to produce significant vitamin D synthesis in the skin. The UV rating must be above 3 for sunlight to be effective in producing vitamin D in our skin. Vitamin D-deficient diets are associated with milk allergy, lactose intolerance, ovo-vegetarianism, and veganism. Rickets and osteomalacia are the classical vitamin D deficiency diseases. In children, vitamin D deficiency causes rickets, a disease characterized by a failure of bone tissue to properly mineralize, resulting in soft bones and skeletal deformities. In adults, vitamin D deficiency can lead to osteomalacia, resulting in weak bones. Symptoms of bone pain and muscle weakness can indicate inadequate vitamin D levels, but such symptoms can be subtle and go undetected in the initial stages. (Ref. ODS)

足量摄入维生素 D

摄入足量的维生素 D 有难度，尤其是在北方。生物进化让人类身体自发生产维生素 D。人只有暴露在阳光下，身体在皮肤下就能合成维生素 D。只要把脸，手，后背在阳光下晒10 到15 分钟，每周两次，不抹防晒霜，身体就可以产生足够的维生素 D。但是，有很多因素影响紫外线的吸收和维生素 D 的合成，比如季节，地理维度，日头，云，皮肤覆盖物，肤色，雾和防晒霜。

比如，在加拿大，从十一月到二月，日照不足够让人在皮肤里合成足够的维生素 D。人能在皮肤里合成足够的维生素 D，紫外线度要在 3 以上。奶过敏，乳糖不耐症，（食乳品和不食乳品的）素食，导致维生素 D 匮乏。軟骨病和骨軟化，佝偻病是典型的维生素匮乏症。孩子缺乏维生素 D 会引起佝偻病，表现为骨组织不能正常矿物化，导致软骨和骨骼变形。成年人缺乏维生素 D会引起软骨病，表现为骨无力。骨痛和肌肉无力症状能体现维生素缺乏度，但是在发病初期症状细微不容易检测。更多精彩文章及讨论，请光临枫下论坛 rolia.net

秘书，赞！ -siwuxu(无根藤); 2014-9-4 (#8965497@0)

咳咳，领导们都当甩手掌柜，咋整。 -meisuowei(混混); 2014-9-4 (#8965500@0)

太谢谢了. -tenniscamp(Tennis Camp); 2014-9-4 (#8965556@0)

别客气。 -meisuowei(混混); 2014-9-4 (#8965564@0)

这个翻译的如何? 给点意见好吗? -tenniscamp(Tennis Camp); 2014-9-4 {832} (#8966253@0)
Illness Prevention
Vitamin D helps both to prevent and to treat chronic diseases including many types of cancer, cardiovascular disease (coronary heart disease, stroke, etc.), congestive heart failure, diabetes mellitus (types 1 and 2), osteoporosis, falls, and fractures.
It may also be effective against infectious diseases including both bacterial and viral infections.
Vitamin D may be of benefit in autoimmune disorders include asthma, type 1 diabetes mellitus, multiple sclerosis, and perhaps rheumatoid arthritis

疾病的预防
维生素D有助于预防和治疗慢性疾病，包括多种癌症，心血管疾病（冠状动脉心脏疾病，中风等），充血性心脏衰竭，糖尿病（1型和2型），骨质疏松症，跌倒，并且骨折。

维生素D可有效对抗传染病，包括细菌和病毒感染.

维生素D对自身免疫性疾病的也有好处, 包括哮喘，1型糖尿病，多发性硬化症，以及类风湿性关节炎

Will take a look a bit later today -meisuowei(混混); 2014-9-4 (#8966256@0)

改的真好，谢谢了 -tenniscamp(Tennis Camp); 2014-9-4 (#8966937@0)

你也让我练了手。 -meisuowei(混混); 2014-9-4 (#8966961@0)

比我能写出来的都好。 -meisuowei(混混); 2014-9-4 {856} (#8966471@0)
小小修改。如下。

Illness Prevention
Vitamin D helps both to prevent and to treat chronic diseases including many types of cancer, cardiovascular disease (coronary heart disease, stroke, etc.), congestive heart failure, diabetes mellitus (types 1 and 2), osteoporosis, falls, and fractures.
It may also be effective against infectious diseases including both bacterial and viral infections.
Vitamin D may be of benefit in autoimmune disorders include asthma, type 1 diabetes mellitus, multiple sclerosis, and perhaps rheumatoid arthritis

疾病的预防

维生素D有助于预防和治疗慢性疾病，包括多种癌症，心血管疾病（冠状动脉心脏疾病，中风等），阻塞性心脏衰竭，糖尿病（1型和2型），骨质疏松症，跌倒，和骨折。

维生素D亦可有效对抗细菌性和病毒性传染。

维生素D对自身免疫性紊乱疾病，包括哮喘，1型糖尿病，多发性硬化症等有利，对风湿性关节炎可能也有益处。

赞人品 -hiker2(hiker); 2014-9-4 (#8965523@0)
赞热心为肉友服务的精神！ -redneck(Cracker); 2014-9-4 (#8966311@0)

还服务，你以为我是美人挣零钱涅。举手之劳，也锻炼锻炼自己的翻译，很久没有中英对着来了。 -meisuowei(混混); 2014-9-4 (#8966486@0)

这段如何，再帮忙看看？太谢谢你了。 -tenniscamp(Tennis Camp); 2014-9-4 {1619} (#8966932@0)
本文发表在 rolia.net 枫下论坛Zinc
The highest concentration of zinc is found in the choroid of the eye and optic nerve, followed by the prostate, bone, liver and kidneys, muscles, heart, spleen, testes, brain, and adrenals.* Zinc plays important roles in growth and development, the immune response, neurological function, and reproduction. (LPI) Zinc is a component of over 300 different enzymes within the body and therefore plays a vital role as a catalyst in many chemical reactions. Zinc plays an important role in the structure of proteins and cell membranes. Zinc also plays a regulatory role and is involved in gene expression, cell signalling, hormone release and apoptosis (gene directed cell death). High intakes of zinc may impair copper absorption. Greater than 50mg per day for several weeks may have adverse effects on copper levels. Supplemental iron can also interfere with zinc absorption. Good food sources of zinc are meat, seafood, nuts and legumes. (LPI) *(The Nutritional Relationships of Zinc, David L. Watts)
锌
锌的含量在眼睛，视神经脉络膜中最高，其次是前列腺，骨，肝，肾，肌肉，心脏，脾脏，睾丸，大脑和肾上腺。锌对于人的生长发育，免疫反应，神经系统和再生功能起着重要的作用。（LPI）锌是人体中含有超过300种不同的酶的组成部分，因此在许多化学反应中的起着催化剂至关重要的作用。锌同时对于蛋白质和细胞膜的结构具有重要作用。锌也起着调控作用，并且对基因表达，细胞信号传导，激素释放和细胞凋亡（基因导向性细胞死亡）也有影响。锌摄入量如果过高的话，会影响铜的吸收。如果摄入锌超过每天50毫克或者更多可能对铜含量的带来不利影响。铁的摄取也会干扰锌的吸收。肉类，海鲜，坚果和豆类等食物含有丰富的锌。（LPI）*（锌的营养关系，大卫L瓦特）更多精彩文章及讨论，请光临枫下论坛 rolia.net

修改 -meisuowei(混混); 2014-9-4 {2261} (#8966957@0)
本文发表在 rolia.net 枫下论坛Zinc
The highest concentration of zinc is found in the choroid of the eye and optic nerve, followed by the prostate, bone, liver and kidneys, muscles, heart, spleen, testes, brain, and adrenals.* Zinc plays important roles in growth and development, the immune response, neurological function, and reproduction. (LPI) Zinc is a component of over 300 different enzymes within the body and therefore plays a vital role as a catalyst in many chemical reactions. Zinc plays an important role in the structure of proteins and cell membranes. Zinc also plays a regulatory role and is involved in gene expression, cell signalling, hormone release and apoptosis (gene directed cell death). High intakes of zinc may impair copper absorption. Greater than 50mg per day for several weeks may have adverse effects on copper levels. Supplemental iron can also interfere with zinc absorption. Good food sources of zinc are meat, seafood, nuts and legumes. (LPI) *(The Nutritional Relationships of Zinc, David L. Watts)

锌
锌的含量在眼睛，视神经脉络膜中最高，其次是前列腺，骨，肝，肾，肌肉，心脏，脾脏，睾丸，大脑和肾上腺。锌对于人的生长发育，免疫反应，神经系统和再生功能起着重要的作用。（LPI）锌是人体中含有超过300种不同的酶的组成部分，因此在许多化学反应中的起着催化剂至关重要的作用。锌同时对于蛋白质和细胞膜的结构具有重要作用。锌也起着调控作用，并且对基因表达，细胞信号传导，激素释放和细胞凋亡（基因导向性细胞死亡）也有影响。锌摄入量如果过高的话，会影响铜的吸收。如果摄入锌超过每天50毫克或者更多可能对铜含量的带来不利影响。铁的摄取也会干扰锌的吸收。肉类，海鲜，坚果和豆类等食物含有丰富的锌。（LPI）*（锌的营养关系，大卫L瓦特）

××× 修改 ×××

锌，在眼睛和视神经脉络膜中的含量最高，其次是前列腺，骨，肝，肾，肌肉，心脏，脾脏，睾丸，大脑和肾上腺。锌对于人的生长发育，免疫反应，神经功能和繁殖功能起着重要的作用。（LPI）锌是人体内超过 300 种不同的酶的组成部分，所以是许多化学反应至关重要的催化剂。锌同时对于蛋白质和细胞膜的结构组成具有重要作用。锌也起着调控作用，并且对基因表达，细胞互通信号，激素释放和细胞凋亡（基因导向性细胞死亡）都有干预。锌摄入量如果过高的话，会损害铜的吸收。如果每天摄入超过50毫克的锌，仅持续几周，就会对身体内铜的含量带来不利影响。铁的辅助摄取也会干扰锌的吸收。肉类，海鲜，坚果和豆类等食物含有丰富的锌。（LPI）*（锌的营养关系，大卫L瓦特）更多精彩文章及讨论，请光临枫下论坛 rolia.net

真的太谢谢了，又翻译了一段，能再改改吗？ -tenniscamp(Tennis Camp); 2014-9-9 {1564} (#8976247@0)
本文发表在 rolia.net 枫下论坛Vitamin B6
Vitamin B6 is a water-soluble vitamin that is naturally present in many foods, added to others, and available as a dietary supplement. It is the generic name for six compounds (vitamers) with vitamin B6 activity: pyridoxine, an alcohol; pyridoxal, an aldehyde; and pyridoxamine, which contains an amino group; and their respective 5'-phosphate esters. Vitamin B6 in coenzyme forms performs a wide variety of functions in the body and is extremely versatile, with involvement in more than 100 enzyme reactions. Vitamin B6 is involved in amino acid, protein, carbohydrate, and lipid metabolism. Vitamin B6 also plays a role in cognitive development through the biosynthesis of neurotransmitters. It helps to maintain normal levels of homocysteine, a marker in cardiovascular disease. Vitamin B6 is involved in gluconeogenesis and glycogenolysis, immune function (for example, it promotes lymphocyte and interleukin-2 production), and hemoglobin formation. (Ref. NCCAM)
维生素B6
维生素B6是一种水溶性维生素，可作为膳食补充剂，存在于许多天然食物和加工食物当中。它是通用名为6的化合物（同效维生素）与维生素B6活性相同：例如醇：吡哆醇; 醛：吡哆醛;和含有一个氨基的吡哆胺;以及各自是5'-的磷酸酯。维生素B6以辅酶的形式，灵活地进行各种身体功，同时参与100多种酶反应。维生素B6同时参与氨基酸，蛋白质，碳水化合物和脂质的代谢。维生素B6也通过神经递质的合成，在认知发展中的发挥重要的作用。它有助于维持同型半胱氨酸的正常水平，防止心血管疾病的发生。维生素B6参与糖异生和糖原的分解和免疫功能（例如，它可以促进淋巴细胞和白细胞介素-2生产），以及血红蛋白的形成。（参考NCCAM）更多精彩文章及讨论，请光临枫下论坛 rolia.net

. -meisuowei(混混); 2014-9-9 {1596} (#8976285@0)
本文发表在 rolia.net 枫下论坛Vitamin B6
Vitamin B6 is a water-soluble vitamin that is naturally present in many foods, added to others, and available as a dietary supplement. It is the generic name for six compounds (vitamers) with vitamin B6 activity: pyridoxine, an alcohol; pyridoxal, an aldehyde; and pyridoxamine, which contains an amino group; and their respective 5'-phosphate esters. Vitamin B6 in coenzyme forms performs a wide variety of functions in the body and is extremely versatile, with involvement in more than 100 enzyme reactions. Vitamin B6 is involved in amino acid, protein, carbohydrate, and lipid metabolism. Vitamin B6 also plays a role in cognitive development through the biosynthesis of neurotransmitters. It helps to maintain normal levels of homocysteine, a marker in cardiovascular disease. Vitamin B6 is involved in gluconeogenesis and glycogenolysis, immune function (for example, it promotes lymphocyte and interleukin-2 production), and hemoglobin formation. (Ref. NCCAM)
维生素B6

维生素B6是一种水溶性维生素，存在于许多天然食物中，添加到其他食物中，和作为膳食补充剂。它是六种具有 B6 活动力的复合物（维生素）的总称：醇：吡哆醇; 醛：吡哆醛; 和含有一个氨基的吡哆胺;以及各自是5'-的磷酸酯。
维生素B6以辅酶的形式，有众多功能，在人身体里起到广泛的作用，同时参与100多种酶反应。
维生素B6参与氨基酸，蛋白质，碳水化合物和脂质的代谢。维生素B6也因为参与神经递质的生物合成，在认知发展中占有一席之位。它有助于维持同型半胱氨酸的正常水平，而同型半胱氨酸是心血管疾病的的一个标记。维生素B6参与糖原的合成和分解，免疫功能（例如，它可以促进产生淋巴细胞和白细胞介素-2），和血红蛋白的形成。（参考NCCAM）更多精彩文章及讨论，请光临枫下论坛 rolia.net

最后一段。 -tenniscamp(Tennis Camp); 2014-9-9 {2710} (#8976253@0)
本文发表在 rolia.net 枫下论坛Copper
Copper (Cu) is an essential trace element for humans and animals. Copper is found in a wide variety of foods and is most plentiful in organ meats, shellfish, nuts, and seeds. Wheat-bran cereals and whole-grain products are also good sources of copper. Copper is a critical functional component of several essential enzymes known as cuproenzymes. Some of the physiologic functions copper is involved in are energy production, iron metabolism and proper functioning of the central nervous system. Copper also plays a role as an antioxidant as part of superoxide dismutase. (LPI)
铜
铜（Cu）是人和动物必需的微量元素。铜储存在多种食物，而在动物内脏，贝壳类，坚果和种子中的含量最充足。小麦麸谷物和全麦产品也是摄取铜的良好来源。铜被称为铜酶，是一部分关键酶的重要功能组件。一些生理功能铜参与人体中能源生产，铁代谢和中枢神经系统的正常运转。铜同时作为抗氧化剂如超氧化物歧化酶的一部分，也起着重要的作用（LPI）

Vitamin C
Vitamin C is an essential water soluble vitamin. Humans are amongst the few mammals that cannot produce vitamin C intrinsically and as a result must obtain it from their diet. Vitamin C is available in many different forms including ascorbic acid, mineral ascorbates such as calcium ascorbate, and ascorbyl palmitate a fat soluble form. Vitamin C is an antioxidant, protecting the body against oxidative stress caused by free radicals and reactive oxygen species. It is also a cofactor in at least eight enzymatic reactions. Vitamin C is needed for the production of collagen a component of connective tissue. These fibres are in many places throughout the body; providing firm but flexible structure. Some tissues have a greater percentage of collagen, especially: skin, mucous membranes, teeth, and bones. Vitamin C is required for making of dopamine, noradrenaline, and adrenaline in the nervous system or in the adrenal glands. Vitamin C is also needed to make carnitine, important in the transport of fatty acids into cell mitochondria for energy production.
维生素C
维生素C是一种人体必需的水溶性维生素。人类是哺乳动物当间极少数不能自身产生维生素C的物种，因此必须从饮食中获取它的。维生素C有许多种不同的存在形式，包括以抗坏血酸，抗坏血酸无机盐例如抗坏血酸钙，以及抗坏血酸棕榈酸酯脂溶性的形式提供。维生素C也是一种抗氧化剂，能够保护身体，免受由自由基和活性氧类带来的氧化应激。它是至少八个酶促反应中的辅助因子。维生素C为胶原结缔组织的组分的生产提供了必需的成分。这些纤维分布整个身体的各个成分;提供坚固并且有弹性的结构。当中的一些组织含有胶原蛋白并且占有有较大的比例：分别分布在皮肤，粘膜，牙齿和骨骼上。维生素C是制造在神经系统中或在肾上腺内的多巴胺，去甲肾上腺素和肾上腺素的必需品。维生素C同时也是制造肉碱的必需品，在脂肪酸进入细胞线粒体的运输中具有重要的作用，人体以此产生能量。更多精彩文章及讨论，请光临枫下论坛 rolia.net

copper -meisuowei(混混); 2014-9-9 {914} (#8976295@0)
Copper
Copper (Cu) is an essential trace element for humans and animals. Copper is found in a wide variety of foods and is most plentiful in organ meats, shellfish, nuts, and seeds. Wheat-bran cereals and whole-grain products are also good sources of copper. Copper is a critical functional component of several essential enzymes known as cuproenzymes. Some of the physiologic functions copper is involved in are energy production, iron metabolism and proper functioning of the central nervous system. Copper also plays a role as an antioxidant as part of superoxide dismutase. (LPI)
铜
铜（Cu）是人和动物必需的微量元素。铜储存在多种食物，而在动物内脏，贝壳类，坚果和种子中的含量最充足。小麦麸谷物和全麦产品也是摄取铜的良好来源。铜是几个重要的酶，亦称为铜酶的重要组成部分。铜参与人体中一些生理功能为：能源生产，铁代谢和中枢神经系统的正常运转。铜同时作为抗氧化剂如超氧化物歧化酶的一部分，也起着重要的作用（LPI）
vc -meisuowei(混混); 2014-9-9 {1837} (#8976311@0)
本文发表在 rolia.net 枫下论坛Vitamin C
Vitamin C is an essential water soluble vitamin. Humans are amongst the few mammals that cannot produce vitamin C intrinsically and as a result must obtain it from their diet. Vitamin C is available in many different forms including ascorbic acid, mineral ascorbates such as calcium ascorbate, and ascorbyl palmitate a fat soluble form. Vitamin C is an antioxidant, protecting the body against oxidative stress caused by free radicals and reactive oxygen species. It is also a cofactor in at least eight enzymatic reactions. Vitamin C is needed for the production of collagen a component of connective tissue. These fibres are in many places throughout the body; providing firm but flexible structure. Some tissues have a greater percentage of collagen, especially: skin, mucous membranes, teeth, and bones. Vitamin C is required for making of dopamine, noradrenaline, and adrenaline in the nervous system or in the adrenal glands. Vitamin C is also needed to make carnitine, important in the transport of fatty acids into cell mitochondria for energy production.

维生素C
维生素C是一种人体必需的水溶性维生素。人类是哺乳动物当间极少数不能自身产生维生素C的物种，因此必须从饮食中获取它。
维生素C有许多种不同的形式存在，包括抗坏血酸，抗坏血酸无机盐例如抗坏血酸钙，以及溶性抗坏血酸棕榈酸酯脂溶性。
维生素C也是一种抗氧化剂，能够保护身体免受由自由基和活性氧类带来的氧化疲劳。它是至少八个酶促反应中的辅助因子。
维生素C为胶原结缔组织的组分的生产提供供给。这些纤维分布整个身体的各个部位，提供坚固并且灵活的结构。其中一些组织含有胶原蛋白并且占有有较大的比例：分别分布在皮肤，粘膜，牙齿和骨骼上。
维生素C是制造在神经系统中或在肾上腺内的多巴胺，去甲肾上腺素和肾上腺素的必须品。维生素C同时也是制造肉碱的必需品，肉碱在脂肪酸进入细胞线粒体的运输中具有重要的作用以便人体产生能量。
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无论科技术语多复杂，去了叶，去了枝，看主干。然后再回填形容词，副词，介词。我认为你写得很好了，我只是让这些更精确。当然很有可能在你眼里，我改的远远不如你写的，既然问了，不就是开拓自己的眼界不是？ -meisuowei(混混); 2014-9-9 (#8976315@0)

你比我写的好多了. 你的速度又快, 羡慕呀. -tenniscamp(Tennis Camp); 2014-9-10 (#8976657@0)

Took me 7 years of hard training -meisuowei(混混); 2014-9-10 (#8976670@0)

No wonder, 希望和你多交流. -tenniscamp(Tennis Camp); 2014-9-10 (#8976733@0)

You got the right role model. Way better than JYG on many fronts. -redneck(Cracker); 2014-9-10 (#8976751@0)

赞助人为乐，效率高！ -geekcode(文心雕码); 2014-9-4 (#8966522@0)

@USA

copper

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